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Climate variability can also result from external forcing, when events outside of the climate system's components produce changes within the system. Examples include changes in solar output and volcanism. Climate variability has consequences for sea level changes, plant life, and mass extinctions; it also affects human societies.
Radiative forcing is defined in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report as follows: "The change in the net, downward minus upward, radiative flux (expressed in W/m 2) due to a change in an external driver of climate change, such as a change in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2), the concentration of volcanic aerosols or the output of the Sun." [3]: 2245
Climatic Change is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering cross-disciplinary work on all aspects of climate change and variability. It was established in 1978 by Stephen H. Schneider, and the current editors-in-chief are Michael Oppenheimer ( Princeton University ) and Gary Yohe ...
The Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), also referred to as Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI), is a tool that identifies places that are susceptible to floods and heat-related effects of climate change by combining built, social, and ecological elements. [1] [2] It is also described as a systematic tool to rapidly assess climate change ...
Using agriculture as an example, the sector employs up to 80% of the population and provides about 30% of the GDP. [18] Since more than 90% of our agriculture is rainfed, climate observation systems suggest that rainfall in Africa is becoming more unpredictable. This sector looks to be one of the most hit by climate variability and change. [19]
Climate risk is the potential for problems for societies or ecosystems from the impacts of climate change. [2] The assessment of climate risk is based on formal analysis of the consequences, likelihoods and responses to these impacts. Societal constraints can also shape adaptation options.
Working Group I, dealing with the scientific aspects of climate, stated that carbon dioxide remains the most important contributor to anthropogenic forcing of climate change; projections of future global mean temperature change and sea level rise confirm the potential for human activities to alter the Earth's climate to an extent unprecedented in human history; and the long time-scales ...
[2] [3] Climate change represents long-term changes in temperature and average weather patterns. [4] [5] This leads to a substantial increase in both the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events. [6] As a region's climate changes, a change in its flora and fauna follows. [7]