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Rhyolitic lava dome of Chaitén Volcano during its 2008–2010 eruption One of the Inyo Craters, an example of a rhyolite dome Nea Kameni seen from Thera, Santorini. In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.
The volume of Chao is exceptional for a lava dome structure, although the lava flux rate generating it is low in comparison to a basaltic eruption like Laki in Iceland. This low flux rate is insufficient to cause caldera formation. Cerro Chao is the largest Quaternary silicic lava flow in the world. [1]
Lava domes are common features on volcanoes around the world. Lava domes are known to exist on plate margins as well as in intra-arc hotspots, and on heights above 6000 m and in the sea floor. [1] Individual lava domes and volcanoes featuring lava domes are listed below.
The lava dome complex has four main domes: El Caliente, La Mitad, El Monje and El Brujo. The currently active vent is El Caliente. [15] The dome growth has been both endogenous and exogenous. The former implies dome interior expansion to accommodate new lava and the latter refers to superficial piling up of lava. Activity has been concentrated ...
Lava domes are formed by the extrusion of viscous felsic magma. They can form prominent rounded protuberances, such as at Valles Caldera. As a volcano extrudes silicic lava, it can form an inflation dome or endogenous dome, gradually building up a large, pillow-like structure which cracks, fissures, and may release cooled chunks of rock and rubble.
Accompanied with little explosive activity on the main dome Cerro Chascon, it contains ten lava domes arranged in a chain. Located in the floor of the Pastos Grandes caldera, these domes were erupted after injection of mafic magmas in the deep less than 100,000 years ago. The largest dome has a volume of 5 cubic kilometres (1.2 cu mi).
The Dikkartin eruption was the strongest of the three lava dome forming eruptions and formed an eruption column 25 kilometres (16 mi) high, [113] but it left the smallest crater of the three. [3] This eruption at first formed a tuff ring, within which the lava dome was emplaced. Lava flows extend to lengths of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). [114]
The lava dome is accompanied by block-and-ash flows and lava flows [5] and the presence of two volcanic cones has been reported. [6] The lava dome is of Pliocene/Pleistocene age [7] with little glacial features on the younger domes indicating young ages. [1] The Quebrada de Piga, which flows to Salar del Huasco, originates at Cerro Porquesa. [8]