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Dark stars and black holes both have a surface escape velocity equal or greater than lightspeed, and a critical radius of r ≤ 2M. However, the dark star is capable of emitting indirect radiation – outward-aimed light and matter can leave the r = 2M surface briefly before being recaptured, and while outside the critical surface, can interact ...
[1] [2] [3] In the unlikely event that dark stars have endured to the modern era, they could be detectable by their emissions of gamma rays, neutrinos, and antimatter and would be associated with clouds of cold molecular hydrogen gas that normally would not harbor such energetic, extreme, and rare particles. [4] [2]
In optics, Lambert's cosine law says that the observed radiant intensity or luminous intensity from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer's line of sight and the surface normal; I = I 0 cos θ. [1] [2] The law is also known as the cosine ...
[2] [6] [verification needed] [better source needed] Thus the user might measure a block of metal and come away with a width of 208.92 mm when the true width is 208.91 mm, a difference that matters to the subsequent machining.
The Dark Star, a 1917 novel by Robert W. Chambers; Dark Star, a 1929 novel by Lorna Moon; The Dark Star, a 1939 novel by Margaret Mackie Morrison, writing as March Cost; Dark Star, a 1969 novel by Norma K. Hemming, writing as Nerina Hilliard
Einasto's model has the same mathematical form as Sersic's law, which is used to describe the surface brightness (i.e. projected density) profile of galaxies, except that the Einasto model describes a spherically symmetric density distribution in 3 dimensions, whereas the Sersic law describes a circularly symmetric surface density distribution ...
A formula for computing the trigonometric identities for the one-third angle exists, but it requires finding the zeroes of the cubic equation 4x 3 − 3x + d = 0, where is the value of the cosine function at the one-third angle and d is the known value of the cosine function at the full angle.
A black star does not require an event horizon, and may or may not be a transitional phase between a collapsing star and a singularity. A black star is created when matter compresses at a rate significantly less than the free fall velocity of a hypothetical particle falling to the center of its star.