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Hadith [b] is the Arabic word for 'things' like a 'report' or an 'account [of an event]' [3] [4] [5]: 471 and refers to the Islamic oral anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle (companions in Sunni Islam, [6] [7] ahl al-Bayt in Shiite Islam).
Recording the sunnah was also an Arabian tradition and once they converted to Islam, Arabians brought this custom to their religion. [15] The sunnah of Muhammad as based on hadith includes his specific words (Sunnah Qawliyyah), habits, practices (Sunnah Fiiliyyah), and silent approvals (Sunnah Taqririyyah). [16]
Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators.
In Sunni Islam, the Hadith of Gabriel (also known as, Ḥadīth Jibrīl) is a ninth-century hadith of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (the last prophet of Islam) which expresses the religion of Islam in a concise manner. [1] It is believed to contain a summary of the core of the religion of Islam, which are:
In the 2003 book The Idea of Women in Fundamentalist Islam, Lamia Shehadeh used gender theory to critique an ahaad hadith about women's leadership. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] Another hadith reported by Abu Hurayra was criticized by Fatema Mernissi for being reported out of context and without any further clarification in the Sahih.
Not only were the hadith collections compiled centuries after the Quran, but their canonization also came much later. Scholar Jonathan A. C. Brown has studied the process of canonization of the two "most famous" collections of hadith -- sahihayn of al-Bukhari and Muslim—which went from "controversial to indispensable" over the centuries. [4]
Sahih Muslim (Arabic: صحيح مسلم, romanized: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim) is the second hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. Compiled by Islamic scholar Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj (d. 875) in the musannaf format, the work is valued by Sunnis, alongside Sahih al-Bukhari, as the most important source for Islamic religion after the Qur'an.
Al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (Arabic: الموطأ, 'well-trodden path') or Muwatta Imam Malik (Arabic: موطأ الإمام مالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas. [1]