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An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
In order to assess these structures radiographically, a technique called an intravenous pyelogram was historically utilized, and today at many institutions CT urography is the technique of choice. [6]
Chemolysis is usually achieved through the use of oral medications, although in some cases, intravenous agents or even instillation of certain irrigating agents directly onto the stone can be performed, using antegrade nephrostomy or retrograde ureteral catheters. [43] Acetazolamide is a medication that alkalinizes the urine. In addition to ...
Intravenous pyelogram, a radiological procedure used to visualize abnormalities of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder Inter-Varsity Press , the publishing wing of the United Kingdom-based Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship
The intravenous pyelogram can also be used to assess the presence of kidney stones. This test involves injecting a radiocontrast agent which is passed into the urinary system. X-ray images are then obtained every few minutes to determine if there is any obstruction to the contrast as it is excreted into the bladder.
Under fluoroscopy (real time x-rays) the radiologist watches the contrast enter the bladder and looks at the anatomy of the patient. If the contrast moves into the ureters and back into the kidneys , the radiologist makes the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux , and gives the degree of severity a score.
Images are obtained once an antegrade pyelogram (an injection of contrast), with a fine needle, has been performed. A nephrostomy tube may then be placed to allow drainage. [3] An urostomy is a related procedure performed more distally along the urinary system to provide urinary diversion.
Retrograde pyelogram (RPG): X-ray study of the kidney, focusing on the urine-collecting region of the kidney and ureters. Antegrade nephrostogram. CT scan: An imaging technique that uses a computer to collect multiple X-ray images into a two-dimensional cross-sectional image. MRI with intravenous gadolinium. A special technique used to image ...