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In philosophy, the consequence argument is an argument against compatibilism popularised by American philosopher Peter van Inwagen.The argument claims that if agents have no control over the facts of the past, then the agent has no control of the consequences of those facts.
Spinoza's thoughts on human servitude and liberty are respectively detailed in the fourth [39] and fifth [40] volumes of his work Ethics. The standard argument against free will, according to philosopher J. J. C. Smart, focuses on the implications of determinism for free will. [41] He suggests free will is denied whether determinism is true or not.
In addition to Plantinga's free-will defense, there are other arguments purporting to undermine or disprove the logical argument from evil. [13] Plantinga's free-will defense is the best known of these responses at least in part because of his thoroughness in describing and addressing the relevant questions and issues in God, Freedom, and Evil.
Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent. [1] As Steven Weinberg puts it: "I would say that free will is nothing but our conscious experience of deciding what to do, which I know I am experiencing as I write this review, and this experience is not invalidated by the ...
Frankfurt's examples are significant because they suggest an alternative way to defend the compatibility of moral responsibility and determinism, in particular by rejecting the first premise of the argument. According to this view, responsibility is compatible with determinism because responsibility does not require the freedom to do otherwise.
Hard determinism (or metaphysical determinism) is a view on free will which holds that determinism is true, that it is incompatible with free will, and therefore that free will does not exist. Although hard determinism generally refers to nomological determinism , [ 1 ] it can also be a position taken with respect to other forms of determinism ...
Free will here is predominantly treated with respect to physical determinism in the strict sense of nomological determinism, although other forms of determinism are also relevant to free will. [30] For example, logical and theological determinism challenge metaphysical libertarianism with ideas of destiny and fate , and biological , cultural ...
Historical determinism is the belief that events in history are entirely determined or constrained by various prior forces and, therefore, in a certain sense, inevitable. It is the philosophical view of determinism applied to the process or direction by which history unfolds. Historical determinism places the cause of the event behind it.