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Area#Area formulas – Size of a two-dimensional surface; Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities
An irregular volume in space can be approximated by an irregular triangulated surface, and irregular tetrahedral volume elements. In numerical analysis , complicated three-dimensional shapes are commonly broken down into, or approximated by, a polygonal mesh of irregular tetrahedra in the process of setting up the equations for finite element ...
In ancient times, volume was measured using similar-shaped natural containers. Later on, standardized containers were used. Some simple three-dimensional shapes can have their volume easily calculated using arithmetic formulas. Volumes of more complicated shapes can be calculated with integral calculus if a formula exists for the shape's boundary.
The surface-area-to-volume ratio has physical dimension inverse length (L −1) and is therefore expressed in units of inverse metre (m −1) or its prefixed unit multiples and submultiples. As an example, a cube with sides of length 1 cm will have a surface area of 6 cm 2 and a volume of 1 cm 3. The surface to volume ratio for this cube is thus
The above shapes may also be realized as slices orthogonal to the long diagonal of a tesseract. If this diagonal is oriented vertically with a height of 1, then the first five slices above occur at heights r , 3 / 8 , 1 / 2 , 5 / 8 , and s , where r is any number in the range 0 < r ≤ 1 / 4 , and s is any number ...
The formula for the volume of a pyramidal square frustum was introduced by the ancient Egyptian mathematics in what is called the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, written in the 13th dynasty (c. 1850 BC): = (+ +), where a and b are the base and top side lengths, and h is the height.
The volume of a pyramid was recorded back in ancient Egypt, where they calculated the volume of a square frustum, suggesting they acquainted the volume of a square pyramid. [30] The formula of volume for a general pyramid was discovered by Indian mathematician Aryabhata , where he quoted in his Aryabhatiya that the volume of a pyramid is ...
An example of a spherical cap in blue (and another in red) In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane.It is also a spherical segment of one base, i.e., bounded by a single plane.