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Research suggests that 70 percent of people with bipolar disorder experience their first manic episode between 15 and 24 years old, though it can happen later in life. Severe bipolar episodes can ...
Excessive levels of lithium can be harmful to the kidneys, and increase the risk of side effects in general. As a result, kidney function and blood levels of lithium are monitored in patients being treated with lithium. [2] Therapeutic plasma levels of lithium range from 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L, with levels of 0.8 or higher being desirable in acute ...
Onset after adolescence is connected to better prognoses for both genders, and being male is a protective factor against higher levels of depression. For women, better social functioning before developing bipolar disorder and being a parent are protective towards suicide attempts. [173]
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by changing moods, energy and concentration, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. People with bipolar disorder often fluctuate ...
[86] [87] Major depressive disorder medications usually include antidepressants; a combination of antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy has shown to be more effective than one treatment alone. [88] Bipolar disorder medications can consist of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants [89] and/or lithium.
The cause of Bipolar disorder can be attributed to misfiring neurotransmitters that overstimulate the amygdala, which in turn causes the prefrontal cortex to stop working properly. The bipolar patient becomes overwhelmed with emotional stimulation with no way of understanding it, which can trigger mania and exacerbate the effects of depression.
Two new studies suggest once again the importance of getting a good night's sleep for good health over a lifetime, as scientists pursue new understandings of restorative deep sleep.
The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases. During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others. [ 1 ] The risk of suicide among those with the illness is high at greater than 6 percent over 20 years, while self-harm occurs in 30–40 percent. [ 1 ]
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