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Since the eye's pupil varies in diameter with viewing conditions, the ideal exit pupil diameter depends on the application. [1] An astronomical telescope requires a large exit pupil because it is designed to be used for looking at dim objects at night, while a microscope will require a much smaller exit pupil since an object being observed will be brightly illuminated.
For example, a 10 × 42 binocular has a 4.2 mm wide exit cone, and fairly comfortable for general use, whereas doubling the magnification with a zoom feature to 20 × results in a much more critical 2.1 mm exit cone. Optics showing eye relief and exit pupil 1 Real image 2 Field diaphragm 3 Eye relief 4 Exit pupil
The exit pupil is located at infinity, and chief rays after the objective are parallel to the optical axis. An image-space telecentric lens has the exit pupil (the image of the aperture stop formed by optics after it) at infinity and produces images of the same size regardless of the distance between the lens and the film or image sensor. This ...
An exit pupil must match or be smaller in diameter than one's pupil to receive the full amount of projected light; a larger exit pupil results in the wasted light. The exit pupil e {\displaystyle e} can be derived with from division of the telescope aperture D {\displaystyle D} and the minimum magnification m {\displaystyle m} , derived by: e ...
The pupil magnification of an optical system is the ratio of the diameter of the exit pupil to the diameter of the entrance pupil.The pupil magnification is used in calculations of the effective f-number, which affects a number of important elements related to optics, such as exposure, diffraction, and depth of field.
The component S1 of the system, situated between the aperture stop and the object O, projects an image of the diaphragm, termed by Abbe the entrance pupil; the exit pupil is the image formed by the component S2, which is placed behind the aperture stop. All rays which issue from O and pass through the aperture stop also pass through the ...
Since the entrance pupil and exit pupil are images of the aperture stop, for a real image pupil, the lateral distance of the marginal ray from the optical axis at the pupil location defines the pupil size. For a virtual image pupil, an extended line, forward along the marginal ray before the first optical element or backward along the marginal ...
[3] [5] The magnification here is typically negative, and the pupil magnification is most often assumed to be 1 — as Allen R. Greenleaf explains, "Illuminance varies inversely as the square of the distance between the exit pupil of the lens and the position of the plate or film. Because the position of the exit pupil usually is unknown to the ...