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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. [5]
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...
Ty21a is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine that protects against typhoid.First licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the United States in 1989, it is an orally administered, live-attenuated Ty2 strain of S. Typhi in which multiple genes, including the genes responsible for the production of Vi, have been deleted so as to render it harmless but nevertheless immunogenic.
The Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (or ViCPS) is a typhoid vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization for the prevention of typhoid (another is Ty21a).The vaccine was first licensed in the US in 1994 and is made from the purified Vi capsular polysaccharide from the Ty2 Salmonella Typhi strain; it is a subunit vaccine.
Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type. [1] It is the most common disease to be known as food poisoning (though the name refers to food-borne illness in general), these are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food.
Diagnosis of continuous fever is usually based on the clinical signs and symptoms but some biological tests, chest X-ray and CT scan are also used. [2] Typhoid fever is an example of continuous fever and it shows a characteristic step-ladder pattern, a step-wise increase in temperature with a high plateau.
Typhoid Mary, pictured above in a 1909 tabloid, was a famous case of a subclinical infection of Salmonella enterica serovar.. A subclinical infection—sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection—is an infection by a pathogen that causes few or no signs or symptoms of infection in the host. [1]