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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. [1] [2] [7]
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The cause of obsessive–compulsive disorder is understood mainly through identifying biological risk factors that lead to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomology. The leading hypotheses propose the involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex , basal ganglia , and/or the limbic system , with discoveries being made in the fields of ...
Also, OCD patients were found to have hyperactivation of the ACC at the initial stages of OCD and a decrease in the ACC activation with increasing duration and progression of the disease in the resting state compared to the group of healthy subjects, and a reduced increase in the ACC activity compared to the resting state was found under task ...
The model suggests that many conditions overlap with OCD in symptomatic profile, demographics, family history, neurobiology, comorbidity, clinical course and response to various pharmacotherapies. [1] Conditions described as being on the spectrum are sometimes referred to as obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders.
The only diagnosis existing in DSM-5 is obsessive–compulsive disorder. [2] According to DSM-5 compulsions can be mental, but they are always repetitive actions like "praying, counting, repeating words silently". [26] DSM-5 does not have any information that searching an answer for some question can be associated with OCD. [27]
The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a 20-item self-report instrument that assesses the severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms along four empirically supported theme-based dimensions: (a) contamination, (b) responsibility for harm and mistakes, (c) incompleteness/symmetry, and (d) unacceptable (taboo) thoughts. [1]
The Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is a test to rate the severity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms.. The scale, which was designed by Wayne K. Goodman and his colleagues in 1989, is used extensively in research and clinical practice to both determine severity of OCD and to monitor improvement during treatment. [1]