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The existence of cannabinoid receptors in the brain was discovered from in vitro studies in the 1980s, with the receptor designated as the cannabinoid receptor type 1 or CB1. [14] [15] The DNA sequence that encodes a G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor in the human brain was identified and cloned in 1990.
3D model of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannaboid. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological system composed of endocannabinoids, which are neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the central nervous system (including the brain) and peripheral nervous system.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. [5] And discovered, by determination and characterization in 1988, [6] and cloned in 1990 for the first time. [7] [8] [9] The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. [5]
“The cannabinoid system is widespread in the brain, so modulating cannabinoid function with products like THC could have a wide range of possible effects. We wanted to better understand which ...
The discovery of the first cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s helped to resolve this debate. [10] These receptors are common in animals. Two known cannabinoid receptors are termed CB 1 and CB 2, [11] with mounting evidence of more. [12] The human brain has more cannabinoid receptors than any other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) type. [13]
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. [5] [6] It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in ...
GPR55 is activated by the plant cannabinoids Δ 9-THC [12] and the endocannabinoids anandamide, 2-AG and noladin ether in the low nanomolar range. Exocannabinoids such as the synthetic cannabinoid CP-55940 are also able to activate the receptor [12] while the structurally unrelated cannabinoid mimic WIN 55,212-2 fails to activate the receptor. [10]
"The pattern of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease: a comparative study of cannabinoid, dopamine, adenosine and GABAA receptor alterations in the human basal ganglia in Huntington's disease." Neuroscience 97, no. 3 (2000): 505–519. Felder, Christian C., and Michelle Glass. "Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists."