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Warren Weaver (July 17, 1894 – November 24, 1978) [1] was an American scientist, mathematician, and science administrator. [2] He is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of machine translation and as an important figure in creating support for science in the United States.
In its earliest manifestations, molecular biology—the name was coined by Warren Weaver of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1938 [1] —was an idea of physical and chemical explanations of life, rather than a coherent discipline.
Three sequences, UAG, UGA, and UAA, known as stop codons, [note 1] do not code for an amino acid but instead signal the release of the nascent polypeptide from the ribosome. [7] In the standard code, the sequence AUG—read as methionine—can serve as a start codon and, along with sequences such as an initiation factor, initiates translation.
The starting point, that is the time from which these codes are in effect (usually retroactively), varies from group to group, and sometimes from rank to rank. [7] In botany and mycology, the starting point is often 1 May 1753 (Linnaeus, Species plantarum). In zoology, it is 1 January 1758 (Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 10th Edition).
In Weaver's view, disorganized complexity results from the particular system having a very large number of parts, say millions of parts, or many more. Though the interactions of the parts in a "disorganized complexity" situation can be seen as largely random, the properties of the system as a whole can be understood by using probability and ...
Biosemiotics (from the Greek βίος bios, "life" and σημειωτικός sēmeiōtikos, "observant of signs") is a field of semiotics and biology that studies the prelinguistic meaning-making, biological interpretation processes, production of signs and codes and communication processes in the biological realm.
A tree of life, like this one from Charles Darwin's notebooks c. July 1837, implies a single common ancestor at its root (labelled "1").. A phylogenetic tree directly portrays the idea of evolution by descent from a single ancestor. [3]
Life, by David E. Sadava et al., is a 1983 biological science textbook, under continual revision, used at many colleges and universities around the United States of America. [1] As of 2024, it is in its twelfth edition.