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In mathematics, an infinitesimal number is a non-zero quantity that is closer to 0 than any non-zero real number is. The word infinitesimal comes from a 17th-century Modern Latin coinage infinitesimus , which originally referred to the " infinity - eth " item in a sequence .
In these limits, the infinitesimal change is often denoted or .If () is differentiable at , (+) = ′ ().This is the definition of the derivative.All differentiation rules can also be reframed as rules involving limits.
Originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", it has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus. The former concerns instantaneous rates of change , and the slopes of curves , while the latter concerns accumulation of quantities, and areas under or between curves.
In electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the Greek letter ρ) is the quantity of charge per unit volume, measured in the SI system in coulombs per cubic meter (C⋅m −3), at any point in a volume.
Electron density or electronic density is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at an infinitesimal element of space surrounding any given point. It is a scalar quantity depending upon three spatial variables and is typically denoted as either ρ ( r ) {\\displaystyle \\rho ({\\textbf {r}})} or n ( r ) {\\displaystyle n ...
where E is the electric field, dA is a vector representing an infinitesimal element of area of the surface, [note 2] and · represents the dot product of two vectors. In a curved spacetime, the flux of an electromagnetic field through a closed surface is expressed as
In 1655, John Wallis first used the notation for such a number in his De sectionibus conicis, [19] and exploited it in area calculations by dividing the region into infinitesimal strips of width on the order of . [20] But in Arithmetica infinitorum (1656), [21] he indicates infinite series, infinite products and infinite continued fractions by ...
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