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Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the largest part of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC. Roman control of Gaul lasted for five centuries, until the last Roman rump state, the Domain of Soissons, fell to the Franks in AD 486.
The Roman Republic's influence began in southern Gaul. By the mid-2nd century BC, Rome was trading heavily with the Greek colony of Massilia (modern Marseille) and entered into an alliance with them, by which Rome agreed to protect the town from local Gauls, including the nearby Aquitani and from sea-borne Carthaginians and other rivals, in exchange for land that the Romans wanted in order to ...
Map of Gaul c.59 BC, showing Gallic tribes in green, and the Roman Republic in yellow. The Gauls were made up of many tribes who controlled a particular territory and often built large fortified settlements called oppida. After completing the conquest of Gaul, the Roman Empire made most of these tribes civitates.
The Greek colony of Massalia was founded in approximately 600 BC, by which the Hellenisation of Celtic Gaul began. [5] The Roman involvement in the so-called transalpine Gaul occurred in 218 BC; according to Livy, the Romans tried to establish the alliance against Carthage in Gaul and Spain, but gained no success. [6]
It lists cities established and built by the ancient Romans to have begun as a colony, often for the settlement of citizens or veterans of the legions. Many Roman colonies in antiquity rose to become important commercial and cultural centers, transportation hubs and capitals of global empires.
Map showing the ager Gallicus, where Rome established its first colony on territory previously held by Celts. The early history of Romano-Celtic relations begins during a period of Gallic expansionism on the Italian Peninsula, with the capture of Rome by Gauls in 390 BC (or more likely 387) and the suspiciously fortuitous [7] rescue of the city by Camillus after the Romans had already surrendered.
English: Blank map of Gaul 1st century BC. Date: 7 July 2007: Source: Image:Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul, 1st century BC.gif: Author: historicair 19:30, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
Roman expansion in Italy from 500 BC to 218 BC through the Latin War (light red), Samnite Wars (pink/orange), Pyrrhic War (beige), and First and Second Punic War (yellow and green). Cisalpine Gaul (238–146 BC) and Alpine valleys (16–7 BC) were later added. The Roman Republic in 500 BC is marked with dark red.