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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (also known as "Pheochromocytoma (codons 630 and 634) and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma", [1] "PTC syndrome," [1] and "Sipple syndrome" [1]) is a group of medical disorders associated with tumors of the endocrine system. The tumors may be benign or malignant .
For example, "Patient M" presents to his local emergency room for abdominal pain and a CT is ordered to rule-out appendicitis; however, the radiologist notes there is a 3.5 centimeter right adrenal mass. [citation needed]
They are used for laboratory quality control, in "runs" consisting of measurements of multiple samples. They are a set of modified Western Electric rules, developed by James Westgard and provided in his books and seminars on quality control. [1]
[4] List possible causes (candidate conditions) for the symptoms. [5] The list need not be in writing. Prioritize the list by balancing the risks of a diagnosis with the probability. These are subjective, not objective parameters. Perform tests to determine the actual diagnosis. This is known by the colloquial phrase "to Rule Out".
When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma. They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1 in 300,000. [1] There is no test that determines benign from malignant tumors; long-term follow-up is therefore recommended for all individuals with paraganglioma. [2]
The largest extra-adrenal cluster of chromaffin cells in mammals is the organ of Zuckerkandl. [4] Tumors arising from these cell are called paragangliomas or pheochromocytomas. These terms can be used interchangeably but usually paraganglioma refer to a tumor originating from chromaffin cells outside the adrenal gland, which can also be called ...
The above eight rules apply to a chart of a variable value. A second chart, the moving range chart, can also be used but only with rules 1, 2, 3 and 4. Such a chart plots a graph of the maximum value - minimum value of N adjacent points against the time sample of the range.
In 1966 Williams et al. described the combination of mucosal neuromas, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. [ citation needed ] In 1968 Steiner et al. introduced the term "multiple endocrine neoplasias" (MEN) to describe disorders featuring combinations of endocrine tumors and proposed the terms 'Wermer syndrome' for MEN 1 and ...