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Suppose a function f(x, y, z) = 0, where x, y, and z are functions of each other. Write the total differentials of the variables = + = + Substitute dy into dx = [() + ()] + By using the chain rule one can show the coefficient of dx on the right hand side is equal to one, thus the coefficient of dz must be zero () + = Subtracting the second term and multiplying by its inverse gives the triple ...
Identification of the ring or chain with the maximum number of senior groups. Identification of the ring or chain with the most senior elements (In order: N, P, Si, B, O, S, C). Identification of the parent compound. Rings are senior to chains if composed of the same elements. For cyclic systems: Identification of the parent cyclic ring.
In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization in which the terminus of a polymer chain attacks cyclic monomers to form a longer polymer (see figure). The reactive center can be radical, anionic or cationic. Ring-opening of cyclic monomers is often driven by the relief of bond-angle strain.
Cyclic compounds may or may not exhibit aromaticity; benzene is an example of an aromatic cyclic compound, while cyclohexane is non-aromatic. In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule that exhibits unusual stability as compared to other geometric or connective arrangements of ...
In chemistry, catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a chain. [1] A chain or a ring may be open if its ends are not bonded to each other (an open-chain compound), or closed if they are bonded in a ring (a cyclic compound). The words to catenate and catenation reflect the Latin root catena, "chain".
The use of metal hydrides (tin, silicon and mercury hydrides) is common in radical cyclization reactions; the primary limitation of this method is the possibility of reduction of the initially formed radical by H-M. Fragmentation methods avoid this problem by incorporating the chain-transfer reagent into the substrate itself—the active chain ...
Usually, the growing chain end bears an unpaired electron. Free radicals can be initiated by many methods such as heating, redox reactions, ultraviolet radiation, high energy irradiation, electrolysis, sonication, and plasma. Free radical polymerization is very important in polymer chemistry. It is one of the most developed methods in chain ...
In polymer chemistry, a random coil is a conformation of polymers where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent units. It is not one specific shape, but a statistical distribution of shapes for all the chains in a population of macromolecules.