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β-Carotene (beta-carotene) is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, [7] plants, and fruits. It is a member of the carotenes , which are terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons .
Also downregulated is the enzyme beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase (formerly known as beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase) coded for by the BCMO1 gene, responsible for symmetrically cleaving β-carotene into retinal. [8] Absorbed β-carotene is either incorporated as such into chylomicrons or first converted to retinal and then retinol, bound to ...
Beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCO1; EC 1.14.99.36) from animals, which cleaves beta-carotene symmetrically at the central double bond to yield two molecules of retinal. [ 3 ] Beta-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2) from animals, which cleaves beta-carotene asymmetrically to apo-10'-beta-carotenal and beta-ionone, the latter being ...
63857 Ensembl ENSG00000135697 ENSMUSG00000031845 UniProt Q9HAY6 Q9JJS6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_017429 NM_001163028 NM_021486 RefSeq (protein) NP_059125 NP_001156500 NP_067461 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 81.24 – 81.29 Mb Chr 8: 117.82 – 117.86 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse In enzymology, beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase, (EC 1.13.11.63) is an enzyme with systematic name ...
α-Carotene is produced when the all-trans lycopene first undergoes reaction with epsilon-LCY then a second reaction with beta-LCY; whereas β-carotene is produced by two reactions with beta-LCY. α- and β-Carotene are the most common carotenoids in the plant photosystems but they can still be further converted into xanthophylls by using beta ...
Overconsumption of beta-carotene can only cause carotenosis, a harmless and reversible cosmetic condition in which the skin turns orange. Preformed vitamin A absorption and storage in the liver occur very efficiently until a pathologic condition develops. [21] When ingested, 70–90% of preformed vitamin A is absorbed and used. [21]
In 2011 the OEC of PSII was resolved to a level of 1.9Å revealing five oxygen atoms serving as oxo bridges linking the five metal atoms and four water molecules bound to the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster; more than 1,300 water molecules were found in each photosystem II monomer, some forming extensive hydrogen-bonding networks that may serve as channels ...
catalyzed by a beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase [8] or a beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase. [ 9 ] Just as carotenoids are the precursors of retinal, retinal is the precursor of the other forms of vitamin A. Retinal is interconvertible with retinol , the transport and storage form of vitamin A: