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In the 1970s BMW decided to develop an engine, which would both be powerful and have a good fuel economy. This was caused by the oil crisis in 1973 . In 1975 a group of BMW engineers started working on the M78/M105 diesel engine project, using the M20 petrol engine as the basis.
BMW is well known for its history of inline-six (straight-six) engines, a layout it continues to use to this day despite most other manufacturers switching to a V6 layout. . The more common inline-four and V8 layouts are also produced by BMW, and at times the company has produced inline-three, V10 and V12 engines, BMW also engineered non-production customised engines especially for motorsports ...
The M41 engine was the first four-cylinder diesel engine from BMW. The engine was derived from the six-cylinder BMW M51 engine and shared 86% of its components. This engine became available in several models of the E36: 4-door sedan; 5-door touring; 3-door compact; Fuel consumption is around 6.5 L/100 km (43 mpg ‑imp; 36 mpg ‑US) in ...
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The BMW B37 is a 1.5-litre (1,496 cc), diesel, straight-three engine with a single, mono-scroll and variable-geometry turbocharger. The compression ratio is 16.5:1. It is the second engine from BMW's modular engine plan, sharing most of its components with the BMW B38 petrol engine. Power output is either 70 or 85 kW (94 or 114 hp).
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Diesel engines are typically well suited to turbocharging due to two factors: A "lean" air–fuel ratio, caused when the turbocharger supplies excess air into the engine, is not a problem for diesel engines, because the torque control is dependent on the mass of fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber (i.e. air-fuel ratio), rather than the quantity of the air-fuel mixture.
The engine is a common rail turbodiesel V8 design, using double overhead camshafts and 32 valves. It is the first luxury car application of a bi-turbo diesel intercooled V8 engine. The 3.9-litre iteration won the "3-4 L" category of the International Engine of the Year award in 1999 and again in 2000. It was replaced by the 6-cylinder M57 engine.