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Chechen (/ ˈ tʃ ɛ tʃ ɛ n / CHETCH-en, [4] / tʃ ə ˈ tʃ ɛ n / chə-CHEN; [5] Нохчийн мотт, Noxçiyn mott, [6] [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː muɔt]) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by approximately 1.8 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of Europe, Jordan, Austria, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Ukraine ...
At various times in their history, Chechens used Georgian, Arabic and Latin alphabets; as of 2008, the official script is Russian Cyrillic. Traditionally, linguists attributed both Ingush and Batsbi to the Chechen language (as its dialects) before the endoethnonym Vainakh appeared at the beginning of the 20th century.
The history of Chechnya may refer to the history of the Chechens, of their land Chechnya, or of the land of Ichkeria. Chechen society has traditionally been organized around many autonomous local clans, called taips. The traditional Chechen saying goes that the members of Chechen society, like its taips, are (ideally) "free and equal like wolves".
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the North Caucasus saw renewed uprisings, particularly in Chechnya. The First Chechen War (1994–1996) [60] and Second Chechen War (1999–2000) [61] resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and widespread destruction, especially in Chechen cities like Grozny. [61]
The Chechen-Russian conflict is one of the longest and most protracted conflicts in modern history, spanning three centuries. [12] Its origins date back to 1785, [13] when the Chechens fought against Russian expansionism into the Caucasus. The Caucasus War was fought between 1817 and 1864.
The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union?. ISBN 0-8157-2499-3. Gall, Charlotta & de Waal, Thomas. Chechnya: A Small Victorious War. ISBN 0-330-35075-7; Gall, Carlotta, and de Waal, Thomas Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus. ISBN 0-8147-3132-5. Goltz, Thomas. Chechnya Diary: A War Correspondent's Story of Surviving the War in ...
Chechnya was first incorporated as a whole into the Russian Empire in 1859 after the decades-long Caucasian War.Tsarist rule was marked by a transition into modern times, including the formation (or re-formation) of a Chechen bourgeoisie, the emergence of social movements, reorientation of the Chechen economy towards oil, heavy ethnic discrimination at the expense of Chechens and others in ...
Ẋ is present in the Chechen Latin alphabet, created in the 1990s. The Cyrillic equivalent is Хь, which represents the voiceless pharyngeal fricative /ħ/. [1]Sound: the pronunciation is representing the mid-back uvular incisors, in the velari of the incisors who which pharyngealing the incisors maill crankers to the voiceless consonant with uvular incisors.