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  2. Galega officinalis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galega_officinalis

    G. officinalis is rich in galegine, a substance with blood glucose-lowering activity and the foundation for the discovery of metformin, [6] Italian fitch, [6] a treatment for managing symptoms of diabetes mellitus. [7] In ancient herbalism, goat's-rue was used as a diuretic. [8] It can be poisonous to mammals, but is a food for various insects. [4]

  3. Guanidine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanidine

    Since the Middle Ages in Europe, guanidine has been used to treat diabetes as the active antihyperglycemic ingredient in French lilac. Due to its long-term hepatotoxicity, further research for blood sugar control was suspended at first after the discovery of insulin.

  4. Biguanide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biguanide

    Galega officinalis (French lilac) was used in diabetes treatment for centuries. [5] In the 1920s, guanidine compounds were discovered in Galega extracts. Animal studies showed that these compounds lowered blood glucose levels.

  5. Synthalin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthalin

    The folk remedy French lilac (Galega officinalis), was used to treat the symptoms of diabetes, and towards the end of the nineteenth century it was discovered to contain galegine, a derivative of guanidine. This had a hypoglycaemic effect but was very toxic to the liver.

  6. Metformin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

    Metformin is a pleiotropic drug, with extensive off-target activity beyond its antidiabetic effect. Much of this has been attributed to its action on AMPK, although other mechanisms have been proposed. [ 214 ][ 215 ] Metformin has been studied for its effects on multiple other conditions, including:

  7. Karl Slotta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Slotta

    While working at the Chemistry Institute of the University of Vienna, Slotta synthesized compounds, analogous to plant extract from French lilac, then used to treat symptoms of diabetes. The synthetic, marketed as Synthalin, proved less toxic and more potent than prior plant products.

  8. Syringa vulgaris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringa_vulgaris

    Syringa vulgaris, the lilac or common lilac, is a species of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae, native to the Balkan Peninsula, where it grows on rocky hills. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Grown in spring for its scented flowers, this large shrub or small tree is widely cultivated and has been naturalized in parts of Europe, Asia and North America.

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