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  2. Nictitating membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nictitating_membrane

    The nictitating membrane of a masked lapwing as it closes over the left eye, originating from the medial canthus. The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus to protect and moisten it while maintaining vision.

  3. Plica semilunaris of conjunctiva - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plica_semilunaris_of...

    It is loose, thus eye movements are not restricted by it. Only one species of primate, the Calabar angwantibo, is known to have a functioning nictitating membrane. [4] With ocular allergies, the lacrimal caruncle and plica semilunaris may be inflamed and pruritic (itchy) due to histamine release in the tissue and tear film.

  4. Epiglottis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiglottis

    The epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects upwards and backwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone . The epiglottis may be inflamed in a condition called epiglottitis , which is most commonly due to the vaccine-preventable bacterium Haemophilus influenzae .

  5. Harderian gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harderian_gland

    The Harderian gland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating membrane. [1] The gland can be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and the fluid it secretes (mucous, serous or lipid) varies between different groups of animals.

  6. Tears - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears

    The membrane works to protect and moisten the eyelid while maintaining visibility. It also contributes to the aqueous portion of the tear film and possibly immunoglobulins. [ 14 ] Humans and some primates have a much smaller nictitating membrane; this may be because they do not capture prey or root vegetation with their teeth, so that there is ...

  7. The Fascinating Reason Why Beavers Slap Their Tails - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/fascinating-reason-why...

    Their eyes have nictitating membranes – this is a transparent third eyelid. When the beaver dives under the water, it is drawn across to protect the eye. It’s like having in-built swimming ...

  8. Human vestigiality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_vestigiality

    Ileum, caecum and colon of rabbit, showing Appendix vermiformis on fully functional caecum The human vermiform appendix on the vestigial caecum. The appendix was once believed to be a vestige of a redundant organ that in ancestral species had digestive functions, much as it still does in extant species in which intestinal flora hydrolyze cellulose and similar indigestible plant materials. [10]

  9. Eyeblink conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeblink_conditioning

    Naïve organisms initially produce a reflexive, unconditioned response (UR) (e.g. blink or extension of nictitating membrane) that follows US onset. After many CS-US pairings, an association is formed such that a learned blink, or conditioned response (CR), occurs and precedes US onset. [ 1 ]