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Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the ...
In ultrafiltration, the molecular weight cut-off or MWCO of a membrane refers to the lowest molecular weight of the solute (in daltons) for which 90% of the solute is retained by (prevented from passing through) the membrane, [1] or the molecular weight of the molecule (e.g. globular protein) that is 90% retained by the membrane.
The UF treatment plant processes water which is naturally purified in the Jeyranbatan reservoir, which has a capacity of 186 million cubic meters. The raw water is first treated in the coarse screen building by using 3000-micron automatic self-cleaning filters. It then passes through 200-micron filters followed by 0.02-micron filter modules.
A reinforced immersed hollow fiber membrane cassette used in membrane bioreactor process for water treatment [10] Hollow fiber membranes are ubiquitously used in industrial separations, especially the filtration of drinking water. [11] Industrial water filters are mainly equipped with ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes.
Membrane fouling is a process whereby a solution or a particle is deposited on a membrane surface or in membrane pores in a processes such as in a membrane bioreactor, [1] reverse osmosis, [2] forward osmosis, [3] membrane distillation, [4] ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or nanofiltration [5] so that the membrane's performance is degraded.
Some ultrafiltration membranes have also been used to remove dissolved compounds with high molecular weight, such as proteins and carbohydrates. Also, they can remove viruses and some endotoxins. The wall of an ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane, with characteristic outer (top) and inner (bottom) layers of pores.
The dead-end filtration process is usually a batch-type process, where the filtering solution is loaded (or slowly fed) into the membrane device, which then allows passage of some particles subject to the driving force. The main disadvantage of dead-end filtration is the extensive membrane fouling and concentration polarization. The fouling is ...
Filtration unit for industrial cross-flow filtration. Cross-flow membrane filtration technology has been used widely in industry around the globe. Filtration membranes can be polymeric or ceramic, depending upon the application. The principles of cross-flow filtration are used in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and ...