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The nuchal lines are four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone: The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, but is sometimes referred to as the Mempin line or linea suprema, and it attaches to the epicranial aponeurosis. Below the highest nuchal line is the superior nuchal line.
The external occipital crest is part of the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone.It is a ridge along the midline, beginning at the external occipital protuberance and descending to the foramen magnum, that gives attachment to the nuchal ligament. [1]
They are named as the highest, superior and inferior nuchal lines. The inferior nuchal line runs across the midpoint of the median nuchal line. The area above the highest nuchal line is termed the occipital plane and the area below this line is termed the nuchal plane.
The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it. The inion (ἰνίον, iníon, Greek for the occipital bone) is used as a landmark in the 10-20 system in electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Extending laterally from it on either side is the superior nuchal line, and above it is the faintly marked highest nuchal line.
Midaxillary line: A vertical line passing through the apex of the axilla. Posterior axillary line: A vertical line passing through the posterior axillary fold. Scapular line: A vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula. Paravertebral line: A vertical line corresponding to the tips of the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, and to it the epicranial aponeurosis is attached. The lower is termed the superior nuchal line. That area of the squamous part, which lies above the highest nuchal lines is named the occipital plane (planum occipitale) and is covered by the occipitalis muscle.
The nuchal ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance on the skull and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra in the lower part of the neck. [ 1 ] From the anterior border of the nuchal ligament, a fibrous lamina is given off.
External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone; Mastoid process of temporal bone; External acoustic meatus; Lower margin of the zygomatic arch; Lower border of body of mandible from the angle of mandible to the symphysis menti; Inferiorly - (from backwards to forwards); Spine and acromial process of scapula; Upper ...