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  2. Substitute checks in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_checks_in_the...

    A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check.As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check.

  3. Check verification service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_verification_service

    A negative check database contains a comprehensive list of people who either wrote a bad check at a retail location, paid a bill with a check that was returned, [3] also called "bouncing a check". Historical data check verification services that use a national network with a negative check database can be difficult for consumers and businesses ...

  4. Check 21 Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_21_Act

    The Check 21 Act took effect one year later on October 28, 2004. The law allows the recipient of a paper check to create a digital version of the original, a process known as check truncation, into an electronic format called a "substitute check", thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document. The recipient bank no ...

  5. Substitute check - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_check

    A substitute check or cheque, also called an image cash letter (ICL), clearing replacement document (CRD), [1] or image replacement document (IRD), [2] is a negotiable instrument used in electronic banking systems to represent a physical paper cheque (check).

  6. Customer Identification Program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_Identification...

    In 2002, the Department of the Treasury, through the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), together with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), and the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) (collectively, the ...

  7. ChexSystems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChexSystems

    A ChexSystems report examines data submitted by banks in the past five years. A report may describe banking irregularities such as check overdrafts, unsettled balances, depositing fraudulent checks, or suspicious account handling. Banks may refuse to open a new deposit account for a consumer that has a negative item reported.

  8. Cheque truncation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheque_truncation

    Cheque truncation (check truncation in American English) is a cheque clearance system that involves the digitization of a physical paper cheque into a substitute electronic form for transmission to the paying bank. The process of cheque clearance, involving data matching and verification, is done using digital images instead of paper copies.

  9. TreasuryDirect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TreasuryDirect

    TreasuryDirect started in 1986 as a book entry system with business conducted over postal mail, as an alternative to purchasing securities as engraved paper certificates. The current online system launched in 2002. A replacement system known as TRIM has been in progress since 2013, [1] but after a decade of development, the project is at risk. [2]