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Casing that is cemented in place aids the drilling process in several ways: [2] Prevents contamination of fresh water well zones. Prevents unstable upper formations from caving in and sticking the drill string or forming large caverns. Provides a strong upper foundation to allow use of high-density drilling fluid to continue drilling deeper.
This is a list of free and open-source software for geological data handling and interpretation. The list is split into broad categories, depending on the intended use of the software and its scope of functionality. Notice that 'free and open-source' requires that the source code is available and users are given a free software license.
Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a free and open source hydrology model and GIS computer simulation sponsored by the USDA. SWAT is a well known geographic hydrological model in use by many universities and government agencies around the world, and integrates with commercial products like ArcGIS .
For example, if the tool fails at 1,500 ft (460 m) while drilling with a triple rig (able to trip 3 joints of pipe, or about 90 ft (30 m) feet, at a time), then it would generally be faster to pull the tool out of the hole than it would be to rig up wireline and retrieve the tool, especially if the wireline unit must be transported to the rig.
The software provides tools to automate various basic and advanced delineations, calculations, and modeling processes. [9] It supports river hydraulic and storm drain models, lumped parameter , regression , 2D hydrologic modeling of watersheds, and can be used to model both water quantity and water quality .
The standard drill bit is based on 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) water pipe fittings and unless a larger diameter is required, the borehole is cased with 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) PVC pipe. The main drill tool consists of a length of metal pipe with a bit/valve. Extensions are standard PVC potable water pipes. No temporary casing is used.
Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids (typically, oil, water, and gas) through porous media. The creation of models of oil fields and the implementation of calculations of field development on their basis is one of the main areas of activity of engineers and oil ...
Modern resistivity logging tools fall into two categories, Laterolog and Induction, with various commercial names, depending on the company providing the logging services. Laterolog tools send an electric current from an electrode on the sonde directly into the formation. The return electrodes are located either on surface or on the sonde itself.