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Nuclear Files.org (current information on nuclear stockpiles in France) (in French) Archives sur le Centre d'Expérimentations Nucléaires du Pacifique (C.E.P.) à Moruroa, Hao et Fangataufa; Annotated bibliography for the French nuclear weapons program from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
The history of France's military nuclear program recounts the path that led France to develop a military nuclear program after World War II.The establishment of the French Nuclear Deterrence Force was based on a French nuclear testing program that began on February 13, 1960, and ended on January 27, 1996.
Five are considered to be nuclear-weapon states (NWS) under the terms of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In order of acquisition of nuclear weapons, these are the United States, Russia (the successor of the former Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, France, and China. Of these, the three NATO members, the United ...
The decision to arm France with nuclear weapons was made in 1954 by the administration of Pierre Mendès France under the Fourth Republic. [3] President Charles de Gaulle, upon his return to power in 1958, solidified the initial vision into the well-defined concept of a fully independent Force de frappe that would be capable of protecting France from a Soviet or other foreign attack and ...
By Mathieu Rosemain. PARIS (Reuters) - France's nuclear weapons should be part of the European defence debate, French President Emmanuel Macron told a group of regional newspapers on Sunday, in ...
PARIS (Reuters) -France's foreign minister said that Russian President Vladimir Putin, when making threats about using nuclear weapons, needs to understand that NATO, too, is a nuclear alliance ...
The nuclearization of NATO's strategy, in reality of the United States, became in 1957 both more concrete and more worrying for France: thanks to the successful launch of Sputnik, the Soviets began to make their nuclear capabilities credible, The British chose to get closer to the Americans for the pursuit of their nuclear program, and the ...
With 57 nuclear reactors, France produces more than two-thirds of its electricity from nuclear power. Last year, it exported a record amount, about 17% of its production, mostly to Italy.