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The Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) is a consortium and an oil pipeline that transports Caspian oil from the Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan to the Novorossiysk-2 Marine Terminal, an export terminal at the Russian Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. [1]
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. [2] [3] [4] An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau.
Kashagan Field (Kazakh: Қашаған кен орны, Qaşağan ken orny) is an offshore oil field in Kazakhstan's zone of the Caspian Sea. [2] The field, discovered in 2000, is located in the northern part of the Caspian Sea close to Atyrau and is considered the world's largest discovery in the last 30 years, combined with the Tengiz Field. [3]
Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli (ACG, Azerbaijani: Azəri-Çıraq-Günəşli) or Azeri–Chirag–Deepwater Gunashli is a complex of oil fields in the Caspian Sea, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) off the coast of Azerbaijan. It consists of the Azeri and Chirag oil fields, and the deepwater portion of the Gunashli oil field.
Soviet 1971 stamp, featuring Oil Rocks. The first large-scale geological study of the area was conducted in 1945–1948. [8] The settlement of Neft Daşları was built after oil was discovered there on 7 November 1949 [9] at 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) beneath the Caspian Sea. It became the world's first offshore oil platform. [10] [11]
The oil field is located in an area of low-lying wetlands along the northeast shores of the Caspian Sea. It covers a 2,500 km 2 (970 sq mi) project license area which also includes a smaller Korolev field as well as several exploratory prospects. Sizewise, Tengiz reservoir is 19 km (12 mi) wide and 21 km (13 mi) long. [1]
Alexander Golovin, special envoy on Caspian issues, has stated that a major gas pipeline would pose a serious, dangerous risk to the prosperity of the entire region. [27] According to the Russian Natural Resources Ministry, any gas or oil pipelines across the floor of the Caspian Sea would be environmentally unacceptable.
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is a 1,768 kilometres (1,099 mi) long crude oil pipeline from the Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It connects Baku , the capital of Azerbaijan and Ceyhan , a port on the south-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey , via Tbilisi , the capital of Georgia .