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Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work . [1] It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.
As in any method of performance appraisal, high quality of feedback is a key to the effectiveness of peer evaluation, [94] [95] as is closing the loop on the appraisal process. There are threats to both the quality and perception of feedback in peer-assessment, for example peers may be biased by pre-existing relationships and less trust or ...
360-degree feedback (also known as multi-rater feedback, multi-source feedback, or multi-source assessment) is a process through which feedback from an employee's colleagues and associates is gathered, in addition to a self-evaluation by the employee.
Peer feedback, a classroom practice where students give each other feedback; Physician peer review, the process by which physicians evaluate each other to promote better quality of care; Scholarly peer review, the process of refereeing scholarly papers; Sham peer review, the process of pseudo-review done for political purposes, often in healthcare
Increasing engagement is a primary objective of organizations seeking to understand and measure engagement. Gallup defines employee engagement as being highly involved in and enthusiastic about one's work and workplace; engaged workers are psychological owners, drive high performance and innovation, and move the organization forward.
The track of scientific research around employee recognition and motivation was constructed on the foundation of early theories of behavioral science and psychology. [3] The earliest scientific papers on employee recognition have tended to draw upon a combination of needs-based motivation (for example, Hertzberg 1966; Maslow 1943) theories and reinforcement theory (Mainly Pavlov 1902; B.F ...
Academic articles that provide critical reviews of performance measurement in specific domains are also common—e.g. Ittner's observations on non-financial reporting by commercial organisations,; [10] Boris et al.'s observations about use of performance measurement in non-profit organisations, [11] or Bühler et al.'s (2016) analysis of how external turbulence could be reflected in ...
Peer critique, a specialized form of critique, is the common practice of professional peers, especially writers, reviewing and providing constructive criticism of each other's work before that work is turned in for credit or professional review.