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  2. Irreducible fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_fraction

    A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator and denominator by a common factor. It can be fully reduced to lowest terms if both are divided by their greatest common divisor. [5] In order to find the greatest common divisor, the Euclidean algorithm or prime factorization can be used. The Euclidean algorithm is ...

  3. Golden ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

    Exceptionally, the golden ratio is equal to the limit of the ratios of successive terms in the Fibonacci sequence and sequence of Lucas numbers: [42] + = + =. In other words, if a Fibonacci and Lucas number is divided by its immediate predecessor in the sequence, the quotient approximates ⁠ φ {\displaystyle \varphi } ⁠ .

  4. Ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio

    A ratio that has integers for both quantities and that cannot be reduced any further (using integers) is said to be in simplest form or lowest terms. Sometimes it is useful to write a ratio in the form 1:x or x:1, where x is not necessarily an integer, to enable comparisons of different ratios. For example, the ratio 4:5 can be written as 1:1 ...

  5. Sharpe ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe_ratio

    The information ratio is a generalization of the Sharpe ratio that uses as benchmark some other, typically risky index rather than using risk-free returns. Use in finance [ edit ]

  6. Stirling's approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling's_approximation

    6 Versions suitable for calculators. 7 History. 8 See ... this dominant term, then perform two ... superexponentially, and that by the ratio test the radius of ...

  7. Surface-area-to-volume ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-area-to-volume_ratio

    Plot of the surface-area:volume ratio (SA:V) for a 3-dimensional ball, showing the ratio decline inversely as the radius of the ball increases. A solid sphere or ball is a three-dimensional object, being the solid figure bounded by a sphere. (In geometry, the term sphere properly refers only to the surface, so a sphere thus lacks volume in this ...

  8. Tobin's q - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobin's_q

    Tobin's q [a] (or the q ratio, and Kaldor's v), is the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value. It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his paper: Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani .

  9. Least common multiple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_common_multiple

    The least common multiple of the denominators of two fractions is the "lowest common denominator" (lcd), and can be used for adding, subtracting or comparing the fractions. The least common multiple of more than two integers a , b , c , . . . , usually denoted by lcm( a , b , c , . . .) , is defined as the smallest positive integer that is ...