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Countercurrent Chromatography is a method of separation, that is based on the differential partitioning of analytes between two immiscible liquids using countercurrent or cocurrent flow. [26] Evolving from Craig's Countercurrent Distribution (CCD), the most widely used term and abbreviation is CounterCurrent Chromatography (CCC), [ 27 ] in ...
This holds both for cocurrent flow, where the streams enter from the same end, and for countercurrent flow, where they enter from different ends. In a cross-flow, in which one system, usually the heat sink, has the same nominal temperature at all points on the heat transfer surface, a similar relation between exchanged heat and LMTD holds, but ...
The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers) when there is insufficient information to calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD). Alternatively, this method is useful for determining the expected heat ...
A countercurrent mechanism system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient. It is found widely in nature and especially in mammalian organs. For example, it can refer to the process that is underlying the process of urine concentration, that is, the production of hyperosmotic urine by the mammalian kidney .
Diagram of a gas centrifuge with countercurrent flow, used for separating isotopes of uranium. A gas centrifuge is a device that performs isotope separation of gases. A centrifuge relies on the principles of centrifugal force accelerating molecules so that particles of different masses are physically separated in a gradient along the radius of a rotating container.
The movement of the shell fluid, designed to enhance turbulence and heat transfer, can be arranged in different flow configurations, such as counter-current, co-current, or cross-flow. The number of passes, whether single or multiple, made by the shell and tube fluids over the heat exchange surfaces plays a key role in optimizing the exchanger ...
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Countercurrent exchange, where two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other exchange, for example, heat; Counterflow lane a lane in which traffic flows in the opposite direction; Counterflow Centrifugation Elutriation (CCE) a cell separating technique; Counterflow in Cooling tower