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The genome organisation of HBV; the genes overlap. ORF S, in green, encodes HBsAg. HBsAg under a transmission electron microscope: the protein self assembles into virus-like particles. HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its presence in blood indicates existing hepatitis B infection.
If the host is able to clear the infection, eventually the HBsAg will become undetectable and will be followed by IgG antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen (anti-HBs and anti HBc IgG). [39] The time between the removal of the HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs is called the window period. A person negative for HBsAg ...
It is produced by yeast cells, into which the gene for HBsAg has been inserted. [65] Afterward an immune system antibody to HBsAg is established in the bloodstream. The antibody is known as anti-HBs. This antibody and immune system memory then provide immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. [71]
An individual with a chronic infection would test positive for HBsAg and total anti-HBc (IgM and IgG), but negative for IgM anti-HBc and anti-HBs. An individual who has successfully resolved their HBV infection will test negative for HBsAg, positive for anti-HBc, and may test negative or positive for anti-HBs, although most will test positive ...
If HBsAg is present, a second test – usually done on the same blood sample – that detects the antibody for the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBcAg) can differentiate between acute and chronic infection. [85] [89] People who are high-risk whose blood tests negative for HBsAg can receive the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent future infection.
HBcAg is an antigen that can be found on the surface of the nucleocapsid core (the inner most layer of the hepatitis B virus).While both HBcAg and HBeAg are made from the same open reading frame, HBcAg is not secreted as a monomer. [3]
HBIG should be given within 14 days of exposure to the hepatitis B virus. [7] The half-life of HBIG is about 3 weeks. In lieu of a booster administration of HBIG, a hepatitis B vaccination is initiated at the time of the initial HBIG administration, thus providing long term protection.
HBeAg is an antigen that can be found between the icosahedral nucleocapsid core and the lipid envelope (the outer most layer of the hepatitis b virus).However, HBeAg is considered "nonparticulate" or "secretory". [2]