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Insulin lispro, marketed under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified form of medical insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [21] It is administered subcutaneously through injection or an insulin pump. [21] [22] The effects typically begin within 30 minutes and last for about 5 hours. [21]
The leading cause of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is the failure of insulin to suppress glucose production by glycolysis and gluconeogenesis due to insulin resistance. [39] Insulin normally inhibits glycogenolysis, but fails to do so in a condition of insulin resistance, resulting in increased glucose production. [40]
Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [85] [86] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin
Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges. Insulin (/ ˈ ɪ n. sj ʊ. l ɪ n /, [5] [6] from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene. It is the main anabolic hormone of the body. [7]
The mainstay of type 1 diabetes treatment is the regular injection of insulin to manage hyperglycemia. [49] Injections of insulin via subcutaneous injection using either a syringe or an insulin pump are necessary multiple times per day, adjusting dosages to account for food intake, blood glucose levels, and physical activity. [49]
Diabetes is a chronic disease and it is important to have control of the diabetes as it can cause many complications. Diabetes can cause acute problems such as too low (hypoglycemia) or high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
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