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  2. Control variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_variable

    A variable in an experiment which is held constant in order to assess the relationship between multiple variables [a], is a control variable. [2] [3] A control variable is an element that is not changed throughout an experiment because its unchanging state allows better understanding of the relationship between the other variables being tested. [4]

  3. Design of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments

    It is best that a process be in reasonable statistical control prior to conducting designed experiments. When this is not possible, proper blocking, replication, and randomization allow for the careful conduct of designed experiments. [34] To control for nuisance variables, researchers institute control checks as additional measures ...

  4. Scientific control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_control

    A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables). [1] This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the ...

  5. Dependent and independent variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent...

    A variable may be thought to alter the dependent or independent variables, but may not actually be the focus of the experiment. So that the variable will be kept constant or monitored to try to minimize its effect on the experiment. Such variables may be designated as either a "controlled variable", "control variable", or "fixed variable".

  6. Controlling for a variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_for_a_variable

    For example, if an outdoor experiment were to be conducted to compare how different wing designs of a paper airplane (the independent variable) affect how far it can fly (the dependent variable), one would want to ensure that the experiment is conducted at times when the weather is the same, because one would not want weather to affect the ...

  7. Control variates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_variates

    When the expectation of the control variable, [] =, is not known analytically, it is still possible to increase the precision in estimating (for a given fixed simulation budget), provided that the two conditions are met: 1) evaluating is significantly cheaper than computing ; 2) the magnitude of the correlation coefficient |, | is close to unity.

  8. Hamiltonian (control theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_(control_theory)

    The Hamiltonian of control theory describes not the dynamics of a system but conditions for extremizing some scalar function thereof (the Lagrangian) with respect to a control variable . As normally defined, it is a function of 4 variables

  9. Rubber band experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_band_experiment

    The T-V diagram of the rubber band experiment. The decrease in the temperature of the rubber band in a spontaneous process at ambient temperature can be explained using the Helmholtz free energy = where dF is the change in free energy, dL is the change in length, τ is the tension, dT is the change in temperature and S is the entropy.