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Up-fitted drive-by-wire systems, such as the Paravan Space Drive, have been available since as early as 2003 for existing production vehicles. [6]Several one-off vehicles and concept vehicles implemented steer-by-wire, such as the early-1990s Saab Prometheus, [7] 1996 Mercedes F200, [8] 2001 SKF Filo based on the Opel Zafira, [9] 2003 General Motors Hy-wire, [10] 2005 GM Sequel, [11] 2007 ...
Drive-by-wire may refer to just the propulsion of the vehicle through electronic throttle control, [3] or it may refer to electronic control over propulsion as well as steering and braking, which separately are known as steer by wire and brake by wire, along with electronic control over other vehicle driving functions. [4]
The Airbus A320 family was the first airliner to feature a full glass cockpit and digital fly-by-wire flight control system. The only analogue instruments were the radio magnetic indicator, brake pressure indicator, standby altimeter and artificial horizon, the latter two being replaced by a digital integrated standby instrument system in later production models.
A cyclist steering a bicycle by turning the handlebar and leaning. Steering is the control of the direction of motion [1] or the components that enable its control. [2] Steering is achieved through various arrangements, among them ailerons for airplanes, rudders for boats, cylic tilting of rotors for helicopters, [3] and many more.
Nexteer Automotive is a major supplier in the automotive industry, specializing in the production of electric and hydraulic power steering systems, steer-by-wire systems, steering columns, intermediate shafts, driveline systems, and software for original equipment manufacturers .
Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire, [3] more commonly known as electronic throttle control; Brake-by-wire; Shift-by-wire in automatic transmissions that are manumatic or in automated manual transmissions. This may include park by wire which actuates the parking pawl as part of the shifting system. Steer-by-wire; Fly-by-wire in aviation contexts
Power steering is a system for reducing a driver's effort to turn a steering wheel of a motor vehicle, by using a power source to assist steering. [1]Hydraulic or electric actuators add controlled energy to the steering mechanism, so the driver can provide less effort to turn the steered wheels when driving at typical speeds, and considerably reduce the physical effort necessary to turn the ...
SpeedE, an academic concept car developed for studying drive-by-wire technologies such as brake-by-wire. Brake-by-wire technology in the automotive industry is the ability to control brakes through electronic means, without a mechanical connection that transfers force to the physical braking system from a driver input apparatus such as a pedal or lever.