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The tree ferns are arborescent (tree-like) ferns that grow with a trunk elevating the fronds above ground level, making them trees. Many extant tree ferns are members of the order Cyatheales, to which belong the families Cyatheaceae (scaly tree ferns), Dicksoniaceae, Metaxyaceae, and Cibotiaceae. It is estimated that Cyatheales originated in ...
There are 5 species of cycad listed as Extinct in the Wild: Encephalartos brevifoliolatus, Escarpment cycad. Encephalartos heenanii, Heenan's Cycad. Encephalartos nubimontanus, Blue cycad. Encephalartos relictus, Parlota cycad. Encephalartos woodii, Wood's cycad. Encephalartos woodii is known only from its type specimen, which was discovered in ...
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. [ 2 ] They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.
Angiopteris evecta, commonly known as the king fern, giant fern, elephant fern, oriental vessel fern, Madagascar tree fern, or mule's Foot fern, is a very large rainforest fern in the family Marattiaceae native to most parts of Southeast Asia and Oceania. It has a history dating back about 300 million years, and is believed to have the longest ...
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the ...
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant ...
Botanists define vascular plants by three primary characteristics: Vascular plants have vascular tissueswhich distribute resources through the plant. Two kinds of vascular tissue occur in plants: xylemand phloem. Phloem and xylem are closely associated with one another and are typically located immediately adjacent to each other in the plant.
Leptosporangiate fern. Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.[1] The Polypodiidae, commonly called leptosporangiate ferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, the largest of these being the largest group of living ferns, including some 11,000 species worldwide. [2][3][4] The group has also been treated as the class ...