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[3] [10] Nicotine dependence is a serious public health problem because it leads to continued tobacco use and the associated negative health effects. Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide, causing more than 8 million deaths per year and killing half of its users who do not quit. [3] [11] Current smokers are ...
Amplified musculoskeletal pain is a syndrome which is a set of characteristic symptoms and signs. Essentially, the syndrome is characterized by diffuse, ongoing, daily pain associated with relatively high levels of incapability and greater care-seeking behavior. The discomfort can be in the skin (allodynia), abdomen, throat (dysphagia ...
Spondyloarthritis (SpA), also known as spondyloarthropathy, is a collection of clinical syndromes that are connected by genetic predisposition and clinical manifestations. [ 1 ] The best-known clinical subtypes are enteropathic arthritis (EA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and reactive arthritis (ReA). [ 2 ]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [ 1 ] Work on ICD-10 began in 1983, [ 2 ...
Specialty. Cardiology, rheumatology. Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger disease (English / ˈbɜːrɡər /; German: [ˈbʏʁɡɐ]) or Winiwarter-Buerger disease, is a recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet. It is strongly associated with use of ...
Palindromic rheumatism (PR) is a syndrome characterised by recurrent, self-resolving inflammatory attacks in and around the joints (rheumatism), and consists of arthritis or periarticular soft tissue inflammation. [ 1 ] The course is often acute onset, with sudden and rapidly developing attacks or flares. There is pain, redness, swelling, and ...
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
Löfgren syndrome is a type of acute sarcoidosis, [1] an inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the chest, tender red nodules on the shins, fever and arthritis. [2] It is more common in women than men, and is more frequent in those of Scandinavian , Irish , African and Puerto Rican heritage.