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v. t. e. Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [ 1 ] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [ 2 ] Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly ...
The LessWrong forum was created in 2009 by artificial intelligence theorist Eliezer Yudkowsky. [8] [3] Yudkowsky had popularized the concept of friendly artificial intelligence, and originated the theories of coherent extrapolated volition (CEV) and timeless decision theory (TDT) in papers published in his own Machine Intelligence Research Institute.
Artificial intelligence has been an integral part of video games since their inception in 1948, first seen in the game Nim. [1] AI in video games is a distinct subfield and differs from academic AI. It serves to improve the game-player experience rather than machine learning or decision making.
The interrogator is limited to using the responses to written questions to make the determination. [ 1 ] The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950, [ 2 ] is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.
AlphaZero (AZ) is a more generalized variant of the AlphaGo Zero (AGZ) algorithm, and is able to play shogiand chessas well as Go. Differences between AZ and AGZ include:[2] AZ has hard-coded rules for setting search hyperparameters. The neural network is now updated continually. AZ doesn't use symmetries, unlike AGZ.
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM[ 1 ] or saddle point[ 2 ]) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (max imum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain.
The Matchbox Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine (sometimes called the Machine Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine or MENACE) was a mechanical computer made from 304 matchboxes designed and built by artificial intelligence researcher Donald Michie in 1961. It was designed to play human opponents in games of noughts and crosses (tic-tac-toe) by ...
Game theory – Useful in artificial intelligence and cybernetics. Discrete mathematics - Study of discrete structures. Used in digital computer systems. Graph theory – Foundations for data structures and searching algorithms. Mathematical logic – Boolean logic and other ways of modeling logical queries; the uses and limitations of formal ...