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In most plants, stems are located above the soil surface, but some plants have underground stems. Stems have several main functions: [3] Support for and the elevation of leaves, flowers, and fruits. The stems keep the leaves in the light and provide a place for the plant to keep its flowers and fruits.
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. [1] The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. [2] The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly ...
There are also a few edible petioles (also known as leaf stems) such as celery or rhubarb. Plant stems have a variety of functions. Stems support the entire plant and have buds, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Stems are also a vital connection between leaves and roots.
cortex. epidermis. The epidermis (from the Greek ἐπιδερμίς, meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange ...
Underground stems are modified plant parts that derive from stem tissue but exist under the soil surface. [1] They function as storage tissues for food and nutrients, facilitate the propagation of new clones, and aid in perennation (survival from one growing season to the next). [2] Types of underground stems include bulbs, corms, rhizomes ...
Leaf margin. Rachis. A leaf (pl.: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, [ 1 ] usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", [ 2 ][ 3 ] while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. [ 4 ]
In botany, stolons are plant stems which grow at the soil surface or just below ground that form adventitious roots at the nodes, and new plants from the buds. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Stolons are often called runners. Rhizomes, in contrast, are root-like stems that may either grow horizontally at the soil surface or in other orientations underground. [ 1 ]
An antique spurge plant, Euphorbia antiquorum, sending out white rhizomes. In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (/ ˈraɪzoʊm / RY-zohm) [ note 1 ] is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. [ 3 ] Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and ...