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Riboswitch-controlled formation of rho-independent transcription termination hairpins leads to premature transcription termination. Riboswitch-mediated folding sequesters the ribosome-binding site, thereby inhibiting translation. The riboswitch is a ribozyme that cleaves itself in the presence of sufficient concentrations of its metabolite.
The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure. It serves as a riboswitch [1][2] that binds thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) directly and modulates gene expression through a variety of mechanisms in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. [3][4][5] TPP is the active form of thiamine ...
Stable isotope labeling by/with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a technique based on mass spectrometry that detects differences in protein abundance among samples using non-radioactive isotopic labeling. [1][2][3][4] It is a popular method for quantitative proteomics.
Glycine riboswitch. The bacterial glycine riboswitch is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains with similar structures in tandem. The aptamers were originally thought to cooperatively bind glycine to regulate the expression of downstream genes.
Attenuator (genetics) In genetics, attenuation is a regulatory mechanism for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription. The canonical example of attenuation used in many introductory genetics textbooks, [ 1 ] is ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon. Ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon ...
Two-hybrid screening (originally known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) [ 1 ] and protein–DNA interactions [ 2 ][ 3 ] by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.
The riboswitch functions by directly sensing a physiological signal. [10] Next, a specific uncharged tRNA binds to a riboswitch element in the transcript, and a structural change occurs in the transcript that promotes expression of the downstream coding sequence. [2] [10] The specifier sequence is the first recognition sequence in the leader. [7]
An example GAL4-UAS system, with GAL4 lines and UAS reporter lines. The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly. It is based on the finding by Hitoshi Kakidani and Mark Ptashne, [1] and Nicholas Webster and Pierre Chambon [2] in 1988 that Gal4 binding to UAS sequences ...