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In physics, string theoryis a theoretical frameworkin which the point-like particlesof particle physicsare replaced by one-dimensionalobjects called strings. String theory describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other. On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string looks just like an ordinary ...
The Trouble with Physics: The Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next is a 2006 book by the theoretical physicist Lee Smolin about the problems with string theory. The book strongly criticizes string theory and its prominence in contemporary theoretical physics, on the grounds that string theory has yet to come up with ...
1943–1959: S-matrix theory. String theory represents an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, [1] a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 [2] following John Archibald Wheeler 's 1937 introduction of the S-matrix. [3] Many prominent theorists picked up and advocated S-matrix theory, starting in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s.
Website. ias.edu /sns /witten. Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. [ 4 ]
The string landscape ideas can be applied to the notion of weak scale supersymmetry and the Little Hierarchy problem. For string vacua which include the MSSM (Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model) as the low energy effective field theory, all values of SUSY breaking fields are expected to be equally likely on the landscape.
Holographic principle. The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region – such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. [1][2] First proposed by ...
The following is a list of notable unsolved problems grouped into broad areas of physics. [ 1 ] Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result. The others are experimental, meaning that there is a difficulty in ...
M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory. Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995. Witten's announcement initiated a flurry of research activity known as the second superstring revolution.