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Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder [ 9 ] characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, [ 10 ] the term was adopted by the American ...
Multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease in which the myelin sheaths of cells in the brain and spinal cord are irreparably damaged. Symptoms of depression are very common in patients at all stages of the disease and may be exacerbated by medical treatments, notably interferon beta-1a.
Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics [ 1 ] A mood disorder, also known as an affective disorder, is any of a group of conditions of mental and behavioral disorder [ 2 ] where the main underlying characteristic is a disturbance in the person's mood. [ 3 ] The classification is in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental ...
[6] [7] According to ICD-10 guidelines, the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention, or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating, avoidance and anxiety symptoms. [8] Standardized rating scales can be used to screen for social anxiety disorder and measure the severity of anxiety.
Dysthymia (/ dɪsˈθaɪmiə / dihs-THIY-mee-uh), also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), [ 3 ] is a mental and behavioral disorder, [ 5 ] specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms. [ 3 ][ 6 ][ 7 ] The concept was ...
generates an ICD-10 or DSM-IV diagnosis of clinical depression. The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) is a self-report mood questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. The instrument was constructed by a team led by Professor Per Bech, a psychiatrist based at Frederiksborg General Hospital in Denmark. [1]
Frequency. 2% (people in hospital) [ 1 ] Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [ 1 ] Complications may include seizures, coma, rhabdomyolysis, or softening of the bones.
hypocalcemia. Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance, oxygen delivery, acid–base balance and much more.