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  2. Projective line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_line

    Appearance. In mathematics, a projective line is, roughly speaking, the extension of a usual line by a point called a point at infinity. The statement and the proof of many theorems of geometry are simplified by the resultant elimination of special cases; for example, two distinct projective lines in a projective plane meet in exactly one point ...

  3. Projective geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_geometry

    Projective geometry. In mathematics, projective geometry is the study of geometric properties that are invariant with respect to projective transformations. This means that, compared to elementary Euclidean geometry, projective geometry has a different setting, projective space, and a selective set of basic geometric concepts.

  4. Real projective line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_projective_line

    In geometry, a real projective line is a projective line over the real numbers. It is an extension of the usual concept of a line that has been historically introduced to solve a problem set by visual perspective: two parallel lines do not intersect but seem to intersect "at infinity". For solving this problem, points at infinity have been ...

  5. Projective plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_plane

    The archetypical example is the real projective plane, also known as the extended Euclidean plane. [1] This example, in slightly different guises, is important in algebraic geometry, topology and projective geometry where it may be denoted variously by PG(2, R), RP 2, or P 2 (R), among other notations.

  6. Real projective space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_projective_space

    In mathematics, real projective space, denoted ⁠ ⁠ or ⁠ (), ⁠ is the topological space of lines passing through the origin 0 in the real space ⁠ +. ⁠ It is a compact , smooth manifold of dimension n , and is a special case ⁠ G r ( 1 , R n + 1 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {Gr} (1,\mathbb {R} ^{n+1})} ⁠ of a Grassmannian space.

  7. Homogeneous coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_coordinates

    In mathematics, homogeneous coordinates or projective coordinates, introduced by August Ferdinand Möbius in his 1827 work Der barycentrische Calcul, [1][2][3] are a system of coordinates used in projective geometry, just as Cartesian coordinates are used in Euclidean geometry. They have the advantage that the coordinates of points, including ...

  8. Projection (linear algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_(linear_algebra)

    Definitions. [edit] A projection on a vector space is a linear operator such that . When has an inner product and is complete, i.e. when is a Hilbert space, the concept of orthogonality can be used. A projection on a Hilbert space is called an orthogonal projection if it satisfies for all .

  9. Orthographic projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection

    Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.

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