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Cuneiform is the earliest known writing system[6][7]and was originally developed to write the Sumerian languageof southern Mesopotamia(modern Iraq). Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian.
The history of writingtraces the development of writing systems[1]and how their use transformed and was transformed by different societies. The use of writing prefigures various social and psychological consequences associated with literacyand literary culture. With each historical invention of writing, true writing systems were preceded by ...
Actual decipherment did not take place until the beginning of the 19th century, initiated by Georg Friedrich Grotefend in his study of Old Persian cuneiform. He was followed by Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin in 1822 and Rasmus Christian Rask in 1823, who was the first to decipher the name Achaemenides and the consonants m and n.
Sumerian(Sumerian: 𒅴𒂠, romanized:eme-gir15[ a ], lit.'' native language ''[ 1 ]) was the language of ancient Sumer. It is one of the oldest attested languages, dating back to at least 2900 BC. It is a local language isolate that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, in the area that is modern-day Iraq.
t. e. Sumerian literature constitutes the earliest known corpus of recorded literature, including the religious writings and other traditional stories maintained by the Sumerian civilization and largely preserved by the later Akkadian and Babylonian empires. These records were written in the Sumerian language in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC ...
Babylonian cuneiform numerals. Babylonian cuneiform numerals, also used in Assyria and Chaldea, were written in cuneiform, using a wedge-tipped reed stylus to print a mark on a soft clay tablet which would be exposed in the sun to harden to create a permanent record. The Babylonians, who were famous for their astronomical observations, as well ...
Proto-cuneiform. The proto-cuneiform script was a system of proto-writing that emerged in Mesopotamia, eventually developing into the early cuneiform script used in the region's Early Dynastic I period. It arose from the token-based system that had already been in use across the region in preceding millennia.
A ziggurat (/ ˈzɪɡʊˌræt /; Cuneiform: 𒅆𒂍𒉪, Akkadian: ziqqurratum, [ 2 ] D-stem of zaqārum 'to protrude, to build high', [ 3 ] cognate with other Semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude' [ 4 ][ 5 ]) is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of ...