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Sex chromosomes (also referred to as allosomes, heterotypical chromosome, gonosomes, heterochromosomes, [ 1 ][ 2 ] or idiochromosomes[ 1 ]) are chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual. The human sex chromosomes are a typical pair of mammal allosomes. They differ from autosomes in form, size, and behavior.
Sex-determination system. Some chromosomal sex determination systems in animals. A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. [1] Most organisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two common sexes and a few less common intersex variations.
The XY sex-determination systemis a sex-determination systempresent in many mammals, including humans, some insects (Drosophila), some snakes, some fish (guppies), and some plants (Ginkgotree). In this system, the sexof an individual usually is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes. Typically, females have two of the same kind of sex ...
The human Y chromosome showing the SRY gene which codes for a protein regulating sexual differentiation. Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans. It is defined as the development of phenotypic structures consequent to the action of hormones produced following gonadal determination. [1]
Sex verification can be substantially more complicated than checking whether a person's sex chromosome pair [a] is XX vs. XY, or comparing their levels of key sex hormones to distinct reference ranges, to determine an athlete's sex.
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y chromosome causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to be of male sex.
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in many organisms, including mammals, and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and XO sex-determination system. The X chromosome was named for its unique properties by early researchers, which resulted in the naming of its counterpart Y chromosome ...
e. The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), the schistosome family of flatworms, and some reptiles, e.g. majority of snakes, lacertid lizards and monitors, including Komodo dragons.