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The epithelium of the vagina, visible at top, consists of multiple layers of flat cells. The vaginal epithelium is the inner lining of the vagina consisting of multiple layers of (squamous) cells. [1][2][3] The basal membrane provides the support for the first layer of the epithelium-the basal layer. The intermediate layers lie upon the basal ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [ 1 ] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [ 10 ] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful ...
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus situated between the external os (external orifice) and internal os (internal orifice). The cervical canal connects the interior of the vagina and the cavity of the body of uterus. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. Around 2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) in length, [ 3 ] it is the ...
The female reproductive tract is made of several connected internal sex organs—the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes —and is prone to infections. [ 1 ] The vagina allows for sexual intercourse, and is connected to the uterus at the cervix. The uterus (or womb) accommodates the embryo by developing the uterine lining.
The ciliated cells are most numerous in the infundibulum, and the ampulla. Estrogen increases the formation of cilia on these cells. Peg cells are shorter, have surface microvilli, and are located between the other epithelial cells. [6] The presence of immune cells in the mucosa has also been reported with the main type being CD8 + T-cells.
Lactobacilli and a vaginal squamous cell. Vaginal flora, vaginal microbiota or vaginal microbiome are the microorganisms that colonize the vagina. They were discovered by the German gynecologist Albert Döderlein in 1892 [ 1 ] and are part of the overall human flora. The amount and type of bacteria present have significant implications for an ...
Vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricate and protect the vagina. [1][2] This mixture is constantly produced by the cells of the vagina and cervix, and it exits the body through the vaginal opening. The composition, amount, and quality of discharge varies between individuals and can vary ...
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