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The precast concrete double-wall panel has been in use in Europe for decades. The original double-wall design consisted of two wythes of reinforced concrete separated by an interior void, held together with embedded steel trusses. With recent concerns about energy use, it is recognized that using steel trusses creates a "thermal bridge" that ...
The structure was constructed of reinforced concrete frames with hollow clay tile ribbed flooring and hollow clay tile infill walls. That practice was strongly questioned by experts and recommendations for "pure" concrete construction were made, using reinforced concrete for the floors and walls as well as the frames. [20]
Insulating concrete form or insulated concrete form (ICF) is a system of formwork for reinforced concrete usually made with a rigid thermal insulation that stays in place as a permanent interior and exterior substrate for walls, floors, and roofs. The forms are interlocking modular units that are dry-stacked (without mortar) and filled with ...
Developed in the 1920s, Le Corbusier's 'Five Points of Modern Architecture' (French: Cinq points de l'architecture moderne) are a set of architectural ideologies and classifications that are rationalized across five core components: [3] Pilotis – a grid of slim reinforced concrete pylons that assume the structural weight of a building.
All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1] Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete.
Gingerbread is an architectural style that consists of elaborately detailed embellishment known as gingerbread trim. [ 1 ] It is more specifically used to describe the detailed decorative work of American designers in the late 1860s and 1870s, [ 2 ] which was associated mostly to the Carpenter Gothic style. [ 3 ]
Gypsum concrete is a building material used as a floor underlay [ 43 ] used in wood-frame and concrete construction for fire ratings, [ 43 ] sound reduction, [ 43 ] radiant heating, [ 44 ] and floor leveling. It is a mixture of gypsum, Portland cement, and sand. [ 43 ] One of its advantages is the lightweight nature.
Some of the walls were built with an early form of reinforced concrete. The bricks were hollow; once they had been put in place, metal wires or rods were run through them to secure them and then they were filled with concrete. In addition, Lavirotte built the walls in two layers with an air space between, to provide more effective soundproofing.