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Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), [5] and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration.; Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death.
The multicellular eukaryotes include the animals, plants, and fungi, but again, these groups too contain many unicellular species. [10] Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes —the bacteria and the archaea —having a volume of around 10,000 times greater.
Since the decade of the 2000s, the eukaryotic tree of life (abbreviated as eToL) has been divided into 5–8 major groupings called 'supergroups'. These groupings were established after the idea that only monophyletic groups should be accepted as ranks, as an alternative to the use of paraphyletic kingdom Protista. [2]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.. This list of "sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been sequenced, assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis , in which an archaeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...
Photosynthetic picoplankton from the Pacific Ocean (off the Marquesas Islands observed by epifluorescence microscopy (blue exciting light). Orange fluorescing dots correspond to Synechococcus cyanobacteria, red fluorescing dots to picoeukaryotes.
Chromista is a proposed but polyphyletic [1] [2] [3] biological kingdom, refined from the Chromalveolata, consisting of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species that share similar features in their photosynthetic organelles . [4] It includes all eukaryotes whose plastids contain chlorophyll c and are
The Rhizaria are a diverse and species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular [3] eukaryotes. [4] Except for the Chlorarachniophytes and three species in the genus Paulinella in the phylum Cercozoa, they are all non-photosynthetic, but many Foraminifera and Radiolaria have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae. [5]