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Nicotine is an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor which are present in the central and autonomic nervous systems, and the neuromuscular junction. At low doses nicotine causes stimulatory effects on these receptors, however, higher doses or more sustained exposures can cause inhibitory effects leading to neuromuscular blockade. [4] [30]
A nicotine lozenge is a modified-release dosage tablet (usually flavored) that contains a dose of nicotine polacrilex, which dissolves slowly in the mouth to release nicotine over the course of 20 to 30 minutes. Nicotine lozenges are intended to help individuals quit smoking and are generally an over-the-counter medication.
According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute: "Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer."
Most research points to cigarette smoke, not nicotine, as the cause of cancer, although some research suggests that nicotine may lead to a type of DNA damage that could elevate the risk of cancer.
[39] [40] The Surgeon General of the United States indicates that evidence is inadequate to infer the presence or absence of a causal relationship between exposure to nicotine and risk for cancer. [41] Nicotine has been shown to produce birth defects in humans and is considered a teratogen. [42] [43] The median lethal dose of nicotine in humans ...
A 2023 study that compared Zyn pouches to smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement products found that while Zyn doesn’t contain “nitrosamines or some of those real known cancer-causing ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...
And while there are some Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments and tools to help people quit smoking — including prescription bupropion and varenicline, as well as nicotine lozenges ...