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A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design , electronic design , software design , and process flow diagrams .
Generally, the design process is not following a specific sequence in this diagram. On the system level, basic properties of an electronic system are determined. For the behavioural description, block diagrams are used by making abstractions of signals and their time response.
A block diagram of 4-bit ALU. The design process involves moving from the specification at the start to a plan that contains all the information needed to be physically constructed at the end; this happens typically by passing through several stages, although in the straightforward circuit, it may be done in a single step. [5]
WSDMA is a beamforming technique suitable for overlay on the latest air-interface protocols including WCDMA and OFDM. WSDMA enabled systems can determine the angle of arrival ( AoA ) of received signals to spatially divide a cell sector into many sub-sectors.
Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a 3G mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunication Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology.
A functional block diagram, in systems engineering and software engineering, is a block diagram that describes the functions and interrelationships of a system. The functional block diagram can picture: [1] functions of a system pictured by blocks; input and output elements of a block pictured with lines; the relationships between the functions ...
For example, the block diagram below shows a three-stage watchdog. Depending on the design, this may be implemented with multiple timers, or by emulating multiple timers with a single timer and additional logic. In a multistage watchdog, only the first stage is kicked by the processor.